よむ、つかう、まなぶ。
06【参考資料１】Interim statement on the composition of current COVID19 vaccines World Health Organization 17 June 2022 (4 ページ)
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| 公開元URL | https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_26922.html |
| 出典情報 | 厚生科学審議会 予防接種・ワクチン分科会（第33回 7／22）《厚生労働省》 |
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1
Omicron is the most antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 VOC to have spread
2
globally - much more so than Alpha, or Delta, which are more antigenically similar
3
to the index virus. This has been demonstrated by the substantially reduced
4
neutralization activity against Omicron as compared to earlier VOCs, both in
5
vaccinated individuals and in those who had been previously infected with earlier
6
VOCs. Furthermore, antibody responses in previously naive (unprimed)
7
individuals exposed to Omicron are strong, but they do not cross-react well with
8
previous variants, including other VOCs. In contrast, in individuals who have been
9
previously primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., index virus, Alpha, Delta) or
10
COVID-19 vaccination (based on the index virus), infection with Omicron elicits
11
a broadly cross-reactive antibody response. Similar observations have also been
12
seen in animal models and preliminary clinical data in humans assessing Omicron-
13
specific vaccine candidates. Collectively, the data show that repeated exposure to
14
SARS-CoV-2 antigens (either through breakthrough infection, vaccination
15
following infection, or ≧ 3 vaccine doses) enhances the magnitude of the
16
antibody response and an increase in breadth is observed after Omicron infection
17
in previously primed humans.
18
19
Therefore, available data indicate that the inclusion of Omicron in an updated
20
vaccine composition is likely to be beneficial in populations that have already
21
received a COVID-19 vaccination primary series. For an Omicron-specific
22
vaccine product, the TAG-CO-VAC recognizes that viruses or viral genetic
23
sequences very closely related to hCoV/South Africa/NICD-N21668/2021 or
24
hCoV/USA/CA-CDC-4358237-001/2021 are some of the most antigenically
25
distant from the index virus to date and are likely to enhance the magnitude and
26
breadth of the antibody response.
27
28
Importantly, the TAG-CO-VAC considers that the protection offered by an
29
Omicron-specific vaccine product is likely to differ in those who have already
30
received a COVID-19 vaccine primary series (primed), as compared to those who
31
have not (unprimed). Based on the data to date, it is inferred that an Omicron-
32
specific monovalent vaccine product administered as a booster dose for those who
4
Omicron is the most antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 VOC to have spread
2
globally - much more so than Alpha, or Delta, which are more antigenically similar
3
to the index virus. This has been demonstrated by the substantially reduced
4
neutralization activity against Omicron as compared to earlier VOCs, both in
5
vaccinated individuals and in those who had been previously infected with earlier
6
VOCs. Furthermore, antibody responses in previously naive (unprimed)
7
individuals exposed to Omicron are strong, but they do not cross-react well with
8
previous variants, including other VOCs. In contrast, in individuals who have been
9
previously primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., index virus, Alpha, Delta) or
10
COVID-19 vaccination (based on the index virus), infection with Omicron elicits
11
a broadly cross-reactive antibody response. Similar observations have also been
12
seen in animal models and preliminary clinical data in humans assessing Omicron-
13
specific vaccine candidates. Collectively, the data show that repeated exposure to
14
SARS-CoV-2 antigens (either through breakthrough infection, vaccination
15
following infection, or ≧ 3 vaccine doses) enhances the magnitude of the
16
antibody response and an increase in breadth is observed after Omicron infection
17
in previously primed humans.
18
19
Therefore, available data indicate that the inclusion of Omicron in an updated
20
vaccine composition is likely to be beneficial in populations that have already
21
received a COVID-19 vaccination primary series. For an Omicron-specific
22
vaccine product, the TAG-CO-VAC recognizes that viruses or viral genetic
23
sequences very closely related to hCoV/South Africa/NICD-N21668/2021 or
24
hCoV/USA/CA-CDC-4358237-001/2021 are some of the most antigenically
25
distant from the index virus to date and are likely to enhance the magnitude and
26
breadth of the antibody response.
27
28
Importantly, the TAG-CO-VAC considers that the protection offered by an
29
Omicron-specific vaccine product is likely to differ in those who have already
30
received a COVID-19 vaccine primary series (primed), as compared to those who
31
have not (unprimed). Based on the data to date, it is inferred that an Omicron-
32
specific monovalent vaccine product administered as a booster dose for those who
4