species per clinic. The contract laboratories measured MIC by broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines.
The antimicrobials for the survey were chosen according to the bacterial species, taking into account the antimicrobials
included in the surveillance of food-producing animals and antimicrobials used on companion animals in clinical settings.
Efforts are made to achieve standardization in the isolation and identification of strains and antimicrobial susceptibility
testing, by such means as training sessions for the staff of livestock hygiene service centers who carry out this work at the
National Veterinary Assay Laboratory each year and checks of quality control at the contracted testing agency. In addition,
a parallel survey of the origin of the samples and the date on which they were collected is carried out. Isolated strains
collected under JVARM are examined and stocked by the National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, which also performs the
analysis of genetic properties and the clarification of antimicrobial resistance mechanism, in order for the molecular
epidemiological survey of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Antibiotic feed additives are analyzed by the FAMIC. Data
collected through JVARM are published on the website of the National Veterinary Assay Laboratory every year. The data
are also utilized for risk assessment by the Food Safety Commission as well as for science-based risk management measures.
Figure 2. System for antimicrobial resistance monitoring in healthy food-producing animals at animal and poultry
slaughterhouses

Figure 3. System for antimicrobial resistance monitoring in diseased food-producing animals

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